Top 29 IoT interview questions and answers for 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) holds significant potential for various industries. However, it requires skilled professionals who understand the technology and the processes involved in planning, deploying, and maintaining IoT systems. When hiring for IoT-related positions, IT leaders and decision-makers need to evaluate a candidate's understanding of fundamental IoT concepts. They must ask the right interview questions to assess the candidate’s expertise and know what to look for in the responses. The following 29 interview questions and answers will help organizations evaluate whether a candidate has the necessary knowledge to meet the demands of the IoT field.

Key IoT Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is IoT?
   IoT refers to the Internet of Things, a network of interrelated physical devices, each with a unique identifier. IoT extends internet connectivity to devices beyond traditional platforms like PCs and smartphones, allowing devices to send data across networks without human intervention. These devices can include wearables, vehicles, machinery, and more.

2. What industries benefit from IoT?
   IoT can benefit sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, automotive, public transportation, utilities, and smart cities, among others.

3. How does IoT benefit healthcare?
   IoT can improve healthcare through wearable devices that monitor health, implanted devices that provide data to medical facilities, and systems that track patients and staff. IoT helps manage medications, track supplies, and automate various hospital processes.

4. What is a smart city in IoT?
   A smart city uses IoT to connect urban services and improve delivery. It can optimize public transportation, reduce crime, and streamline traffic flow. The infrastructure for these devices must be comprehensive, secure, and capable of handling data processing.

5. What are the main components of IoT architecture?
   The IoT architecture includes smart devices, data processing platforms, storage platforms, network infrastructure, and user interfaces for managing devices.

6. What is an embedded system on an IoT device?
   (Explanation about embedded systems).

7. What are some primary hardware components in embedded systems?
   (Explanation about hardware components).

8. What are examples of sensors used in agriculture?
   (Examples of sensors).

9. What is a thermocouple sensor?
   (Explanation of thermocouples).

10. What are the differences between Arduino and Raspberry Pi?
    Both are used in IoT devices, but they differ in features, capabilities, and applications.

11. What are GPIO pins in Raspberry Pi?
    (Explanation of GPIO pins).

12. What role does a gateway play in IoT?
    (Explanation of gateway role).

13. What is the OSI model and its communication layers?
    (Details about the OSI model).

14. What protocols are used for IoT communication?
    IoT uses protocols like MQTT, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and 5G.

15. What are the differences between Bluetooth and Bluetooth LE?
    Bluetooth Classic handles more data but uses more power, whereas Bluetooth LE is more power-efficient but transfers less data.

16. What impact does IPv6 have on IoT?
    IPv6 allows for a vast number of unique IP addresses, essential for IoT, and improves security and connectivity.

17. What is the Zigbee Alliance?
    A group that develops open standards for wireless IoT communication and ensures interoperability between devices.

18. What are IoT data analytics use cases?
    IoT data analytics helps with forecasting, optimizing operations, improving patient care, and enhancing security.

19. How does edge computing benefit IoT?
    Edge computing allows IoT devices to process data locally, reducing latency and enhancing efficiency.

20. What are the security vulnerabilities in IoT?
    Security issues include weak passwords, insecure network services, and inadequate data protection.

21. What steps can organizations take to protect IoT systems?
    Implement security training for personnel involved in deploying, developing, or managing IoT systems.

22. What are the challenges of implementing IoT systems?
    Challenges include managing massive data volumes, ensuring security, and complying with regulations.

23. What are the differences between IoT and IIoT?
    IIoT focuses on industrial applications, while IoT spans both consumer and industrial domains.

24. What are the differences between IoT and M2M?
    M2M refers to machine-to-machine communication, a subset of IoT, which focuses on device interaction.

25. What is IoE?
    The Internet of Everything (IoE) expands beyond IoT by including people, processes, and data in the connected network.

26. What types of testing should be performed on IoT systems?
    Testing includes usability, functionality, security, data integrity, performance, scalability, and more.

27. What is IoT asset tracking?
    (Explanation of IoT asset tracking).

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source: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/Top-30-IoT-interview-questions-and-answers